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-====== BIOMARKERS (with focus oi PDL1) ======
+====== BIOMARKERS (with focus on PDL1) ======
-[[Biomarkers Smart Phrases]]
+<wrap em>[[Biomarkers Smart Phrases]]</wrap>
 ===== What is PDL1? =====
 Programmed death-ligand 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD274 gene. It is a transmembrane protein that **suppresses** the [[Cellular Immunity|cellular immunity]] during particular events such as physiological event like pregnancy, physiopathological event like protecting normal cells in context of infection/inflammation and to prevent autoimmune disease. Cellular immunity is most effective against cells infected with viruses, intracellular bacteria, fungi and protozoans. Malignant cells also take advantage of this protective mechanism to escape immunne surveillance.  The [[keynote001|2015 revolution in immunotherapy]] is based on preventing cancer to escape immune surveillance by inhibiting interaction between **PD1** (expressed by CD8) and **PDL1** (expressed by tumoural cells) using an engineered humanized IgG4 antibody targeting either PD1 or PDL1.